IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry – china CFA Equipment – china Multifunctional Drilling Rig
Traditional naming Naming simple ionic compounds
An ionic compound is named by its cation followed by its anion. See polyatomic ions for a list of possible ions.
For cations that take on multiple charges, the charge is written using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the element name) For example, Cu(NO3)2 is copper(II) nitrate, because the charge of two nitrate ions (NO3-1) is 2 1 = 2, and since the net charge of the ionic compound must be zero, the Cu ion has a 2+ charge. This compound is therefore copper(II) nitrate. In the case of cations with a 4+ oxidation state, the acceptable format for the Roman numeral 4 is IV and not IIII.
The Roman numerals in fact show the oxidation number, but in simple ionic compounds (i.e., not metal complexes) this will always equal the ionic charge on the metal. For a simple overview see , for more details see selected pages from IUPAC rules for naming inorganic compounds. List of common ion names
Monatomic anions:
Cl chloride
S2 sulfide
P3 phosphide
Polyatomic ions:
NH4+ ammonium
H3O+ hydr-oxonium
NO3 nitrate
NO2 nitrite
ClO hypochlorite
ClO2 chlorite
ClO3 chlorate
ClO4 perchlorate
SO32 sulfite
SO42 sulfate
HSO3 hydrogen sulfite (or bisulfite)
HCO3 hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate)
CO32 carbonate
PO43 phosphate
HPO42 hydrogen phosphate
H2PO4 dihydrogen phosphate
CrO42 chromate
Cr2O72 dichromate
BO33 borate
AsO43 arsenate
C2O42 oxalate
CN cyanide
SCN thiocyanate
MnO4 permanganate Naming hydrates
Hydrates are ionic compounds that have absorbed water. They are named as the ionic compound followed by a numerical prefix and -hydrate. The numerical prefixes used are listed below:
mono-
di-
tri-
tetra-
penta-
hexa-
hepta-
octa-
nona-
deca-
For example, CuSO4 5H2O is “copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate”. Naming molecular compounds
Inorganic molecular compounds are named with a prefix (see list above) before each element. The more electronegative element is written last and with an -ide suffix. For example, CO2 is carbon dioxide. Although CCl4 is sometimes called carbon tetrachloride under this rule, it is not an inorganic molecule and is more properly called tetrachloromethane. There are some exceptions to the rule, however. The prefix mono- is not used with the first element; for example, CO2 is carbon dioxide, not “monocarbon dioxide”. Sometimes prefixes are shortened when the ending vowel of the prefix “conflicts” with a starting vowel in the compound. This makes the compound easier to speak; for example, CO is “carbon monoxide” (as opposed to “monooxide”). Naming acids
Acids are named by the anion they form when dissolved in water. If an acid forms an anion named ___ide, it is named hydro___ic acid. For example, hydrochloric acid forms a chloride anion. With sulfur, however, the whole word is kept instead of the root: i.e.: hydrosulfuric acid. Secondly, anions with an -ate suffix are formed when acids with an -ic suffix are dissolved, e.g. chloric acid (HClO3) dissociates into chlorate anions to form salts such as sodium chlorate (NaClO3); anions with an -ite suffix are formed when acids with an -ous suffix are dissolved in water, e.g. chlorous acid (HClO2) disassociates into chlorite anions to form salts such as sodium chlorite (NaClO2). 2005 revision of IUPAC’s nomenclature for inorganic compounds
See main article IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 See also
IUPAC nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
List of inorganic compounds
Water of Crystallization References
^ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Recommendations 1990, Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications. (1990) External links
IUPAC Provisional Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (2004) (online draft of an updated version of the “Red Book”)
Bibliography of IUPAC Recommendations on Inorganic Nomenclature (last updated 2004-02-17)
ChemTeam Highschool Tutorial
PDF file SUNY Potsdam.edu
American Chemical Society, Committee on Nomenclature, Terminology & Symbols Categories: Chemical nomenclature | Inorganic chemistry
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